International Criminal Law
This category examines international criminal law and the mechanisms for prosecuting the most serious crimes of concern to the international community. Articles cover the Rome Statute and the International Criminal Court, universal jurisdiction, war crimes tribunals, command responsibility, and the relationship between national legal systems and international criminal justice.
China and International Criminal Justice
ICC Non-Membership China is not a party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998) and does not recognise the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC). China …
China and International Criminal Law
Introduction The People’s Republic of China maintains a distinctive and carefully calibrated relationship with international criminal law. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, a …
China and International Human Rights
Treaty Engagement China’s relationship with the international human rights treaty system is characterised by selective engagement. China signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political …
EU and International Criminal Law
Introduction The European Union has developed a comprehensive framework for engagement with international criminal law that extends well beyond the sum of its member states’ individual …
EU Sanctions Framework
CFSP Sanctions Framework and Legal Basis The European Union’s regime of restrictive measures — commonly referred to as EU sanctions — operates within the framework of the Common Foreign and …
France and International Criminal Law
Introduction France has played a distinctive and sometimes ambivalent role in the development of international criminal law. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, a founding party to the …
France and the International Criminal Court
Ratification of the Rome Statute France signed the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on 18 July 1998, the opening day of the Diplomatic Conference, and ratified it on 9 June 2000 …
French International Crimes Law
Codification of International Crimes France has incorporated the core international crimes into domestic law through Articles 211-1 to 215-3 of the Code pénal. The crimes of genocide, crimes against …
French War Crimes Prosecution
French War Crimes Prosecution France has developed a distinctive framework for the prosecution of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, combining domestic criminal law, the Code de …
Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity in Australia Law
Introduction The prohibition of genocide and crimes against humanity forms part of the legal framework of Australia. These crimes are recognized under international law and have been incorporated into …
Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity in Brazil Law
Introduction The prohibition of genocide and crimes against humanity forms part of the legal framework of Brazil. These crimes are recognized under international law and have been incorporated into …
Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity in Canada Law
Introduction The prohibition of genocide and crimes against humanity forms part of the legal framework of Canada. These crimes are recognized under international law and have been incorporated into …
Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity in Japan Law
Introduction The prohibition of genocide and crimes against humanity forms part of the legal framework of Japan. These crimes are recognized under international law and have been incorporated into …
Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity in Mexico Law
Introduction The prohibition of genocide and crimes against humanity forms part of the legal framework of Mexico. These crimes are recognized under international law and have been incorporated into …
Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity in Nigeria Law
Introduction The prohibition of genocide and crimes against humanity forms part of the legal framework of Nigeria. These crimes are recognized under international law and have been incorporated into …
Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity in South Africa Law
Introduction The prohibition of genocide and crimes against humanity forms part of the legal framework of South Africa. These crimes are recognized under international law and have been incorporated …
Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity in South Korea Law
Introduction The prohibition of genocide and crimes against humanity forms part of the legal framework of South Korea. These crimes are recognized under international law and have been incorporated …
German International Criminal Law
Introduction Germany has developed one of the most sophisticated domestic frameworks for the prosecution of international crimes in the world. The Völkerstrafgesetzbuch (VStGB), or Code of Crimes …
German International Criminal Law and ICC Cooperation
The Völkerstrafgesetzbuch (VStGB) The German Code of Crimes against International Law (Völkerstrafgesetzbuch, VStGB) was enacted in 2002, entering into force on 30 June 2002, and represents the German …
International Criminal Court Cooperation in Australia
Introduction Australia is a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The legal framework governs cooperation with the ICC in the investigation and prosecution of …
International Criminal Court Cooperation in Brazil
Introduction Brazil is a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The legal framework governs cooperation with the ICC in the investigation and prosecution of …
International Criminal Court Cooperation in Canada
Introduction Canada is a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The legal framework governs cooperation with the ICC in the investigation and prosecution of …
International Criminal Court Cooperation in Japan
Introduction Japan is a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The legal framework governs cooperation with the ICC in the investigation and prosecution of …
International Criminal Court Cooperation in Mexico
Introduction Mexico is a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The legal framework governs cooperation with the ICC in the investigation and prosecution of …
International Criminal Court Cooperation in Nigeria
Introduction Nigeria is a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The legal framework governs cooperation with the ICC in the investigation and prosecution of …
International Criminal Court Cooperation in South Africa
Introduction South Africa is a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The legal framework governs cooperation with the ICC in the investigation and prosecution of …
International Criminal Court Cooperation in South Korea
Introduction South Korea is a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The legal framework governs cooperation with the ICC in the investigation and prosecution of …
International Criminal Law in Australia
Overview of International Criminal Law in Australia International criminal law in Australia operates at the intersection of domestic criminal legislation, international treaty obligations, and …
International Criminal Law in Brazil
Introduction International criminal law in Brazil (Direito Penal Internacional) concerns the domestic implementation of international crimes, cooperation with international criminal tribunals, and …
International Criminal Law in Canada
Introduction Canada’s engagement with international criminal law operates at the intersection of domestic criminal prosecution, international treaty obligations, and cooperative support for …
International Criminal Law in Japan
Overview of International Criminal Law in Japan Japan’s relationship with international criminal law occupies a distinctive position in the global legal order. As the first Asian state to ratify …
International Criminal Law in Mexico
Introduction Mexico’s engagement with international criminal law is shaped by its membership in the International Criminal Court (ICC), its ratification of the Rome Statute (2005), and its …
International Criminal Law in Nigeria
Introduction Nigeria’s engagement with international criminal law operates at the intersection of domestic legislation, treaty obligations, and cooperation with international tribunals. Nigeria …
International Criminal Law in South Africa
Introduction South Africa’s engagement with international criminal law reflects its commitment to international justice, rooted in the post-apartheid constitutional project. The Implementation …
International Criminal Law in South Korea
Introduction South Korea engages with international criminal law through its membership in the International Criminal Court (ICC) , domestic implementation of international crimes, and assertions of …
Overview of German International Criminal Law
German international criminal law is implemented through the Völkerstrafgesetzbuch (VStGB), which codifies genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes under German jurisdiction. The principle of …
Russia and International Criminal Courts
Russia and the Rome Statute The Russian Federation signed the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) on 13 September 2000, but did not ratify it. The Statute remained pending …
Russia and International Criminal Law
Introduction The Russian Federation’s relationship with international criminal law is shaped by a paradoxical legacy. The Soviet Union was instrumental in the creation of the Nuremberg and Tokyo …
Russia and International Law Principles
Constitutional Foundation of International Law The relationship between Russian domestic law and international law is defined by Article 15(4) of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993), …
UK and International Criminal Law
Introduction The United Kingdom has been a consistent, if occasionally contested, participant in the development and enforcement of international criminal law. From its role in the Nuremberg and Tokyo …
US and International Criminal Law
Introduction The United States occupies a complex and often contradictory position in the international criminal law system. As a principal architect of the post-World War II international legal order …