Eu
All articles tagged with jurisdiction: eu
Costa v ENEL (1964): The Supremacy of EU Law
Costa v ENEL (Case 6/64) is the landmark judgment in which the European Court of Justice established the doctrine of supremacy of EU law over conflicting national law. Decided on 15 July 1964, one …
Direct Effect of EU Treaties and Regulations
The doctrine of direct effect is a fundamental principle of EU law allowing individuals to invoke EU provisions before national courts. It ensures that EU law creates not only obligations for Member …
EU Competition Law Framework: Articles 101–102 TFEU and Merger Control
EU competition law is the framework of rules prohibiting anticompetitive conduct and ensuring the proper functioning of the internal market. The primary substantive provisions are Article 101 TFEU …
EU Legal Terms A-D
A Acquis — See Acquis communautaire. The accumulated body of EU law, including treaties, legislation, case law, international agreements, and general principles that all Member States must accept and …
EU Legal Terms E-H
E European Court of Justice (ECJ) — The highest court of the European Union, formally the Court of Justice within the CJEU. It hears appeals from the General Court, delivers preliminary rulings under …
EU Legal Terms M-Z
M Mutual Recognition — The principle established in Cassis de Dijon (1979) requiring Member States to allow goods and services lawfully produced in another Member State to circulate freely within …
Glossary of EU Legal Terms (A-Z)
This glossary defines key legal terms and concepts in European Union law, providing concise explanations for students, practitioners, and anyone seeking to understand the EU legal system. A Acquis …
Infringement Proceedings under Articles 258–260 TFEU
Infringement proceedings under Articles 258–260 TFEU are the primary enforcement mechanism by which the European Commission ensures that Member States comply with their obligations under EU law. The …
Internationale Handelsgesellschaft (1970): Fundamental Rights in EU Law
Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel (Case 11/70) is a seminal judgment of the European Court of Justice that established fundamental …
Judicial Review of EU Acts under Article 263 TFEU
The action for annulment under Article 263 TFEU is the principal mechanism for the judicial review of the legality of EU acts. It enables the Court of Justice of the European Union to review the …
Mangold (2005): General Principles and Horizontal Direct Effect
Mangold v Helm (Case C-144/04) is a landmark judgment of the European Court of Justice that established that the general principle of non-discrimination on grounds of age has horizontal direct effect …
Proportionality in EU Law
The principle of proportionality is a general principle of EU law that requires EU institutions and Member States to ensure that measures restricting rights or imposing obligations do not go beyond …
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union is the primary instrument for the protection of fundamental rights within the EU legal order. Proclaimed in 2000 and given binding legal effect …
The Digital Services Act (Regulation 2022/2065)
The Digital Services Act (DSA), formally Regulation (EU) 2022/2065, is the European Union’s comprehensive regulatory framework for intermediary services in the digital economy. Adopted on 19 …
The Doctrine of Supremacy of EU Law
The doctrine of supremacy (also referred to as primacy) of EU law is a foundational principle of European Union law. It establishes that EU law takes precedence over the national laws of Member …
The EU Acquis Communautaire
The acquis communautaire is the accumulated body of EU law, rights, and obligations that binds all Member States together within the European Union. It comprises the entire legal framework of the EU, …
The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union is the EU’s legally binding human rights instrument. Proclaimed in 2000 and given binding legal effect by the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, …
The EU Treaties as Constitutional Framework: TEU and TFEU
The Treaties of the European Union — the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) — constitute the constitutional foundation of the EU legal order. …
The Four Fundamental Freedoms of the EU Single Market
The four fundamental freedoms of the European Union constitute the legal foundation of the single market. They guarantee the free movement of goods, persons, services, and capital across Member State …
The General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation 2016/679)
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), formally Regulation (EU) 2016/679, is the European Union’s comprehensive framework for the protection of natural persons with regard to the …
The Maastricht Treaty (1992)
The Treaty on European Union, commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty, was signed on 7 February 1992 by the twelve Member States of the European Communities and entered into force on 1 November 1993. …
The Preliminary Reference Procedure under Article 267 TFEU
The preliminary reference procedure under Article 267 TFEU is the cornerstone of the European Union’s judicial architecture. It establishes a cooperative dialogue between the Court of Justice of …
The Principle of Conferral under Article 5 TEU
The principle of conferral is the foundational constitutional principle defining the limits of European Union competence. Article 5(2) TEU provides that the Union shall act only within the limits of …
The Principle of Subsidiarity in EU Law
The principle of subsidiarity governs the exercise of EU competences by ensuring that the Union acts only when objectives cannot be sufficiently achieved by Member States alone. It functions as a …
The Treaty of Lisbon (2007)
The Treaty of Lisbon, signed on 13 December 2007, entered into force on 1 December 2009. It amended the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaty of Rome without replacing them, providing the European Union …
The Treaty of Rome (1957)
The Treaty of Rome, formally the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community (TEEC), was signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. It …
Van Gend en Loos (1963): The Foundation of Direct Effect
Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen (Case 26/62) is the foundational judgment of European Union law. Decided by the European Court of Justice on 5 February 1963, it …