China
All articles tagged with jurisdiction: china
Administrative Procedure Under the PRC Administrative Procedure Law
Administrative procedure in China encompasses two principal mechanisms for challenging administrative actions: administrative litigation (行政诉讼, xíngzhèng sùsòng) in the people’s courts and …
Chinese Legal Terms A-D with Pinyin and Definitions
This glossary defines essential Chinese legal terms with pinyin romanization from A through D, organized alphabetically by pinyin. A Anquan (安全) — Security; safety. A foundational concept in Chinese …
Chinese Legal Terms E-K with Pinyin and Definitions
This glossary defines essential Chinese legal terms with pinyin romanization from E through K, organized alphabetically by pinyin. E Ertong (儿童) — Child; children. The protection of children’s …
Chinese Legal Terms L-P with Pinyin and Definitions
This glossary defines essential Chinese legal terms with pinyin romanization from L through P, organized alphabetically by pinyin. L Laodong (劳动) — Labor; work. The constitutional right and duty of …
Chinese Legal Terms Q-Z with Pinyin and Definitions
This glossary defines essential Chinese legal terms with pinyin romanization from Q through Z, organized alphabetically by pinyin. Q Qiangzhi (强制) — Compulsory; mandatory; forced. Used in legal terms …
Civil Procedure Under the PRC Civil Procedure Law
Civil procedure in China is governed by the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国民事诉讼法), adopted in 1991 and amended in 2007, 2012, 2017, and 2021. The Law establishes a …
Constitutional Supervision in China: The System of审查 and Review
Constitutional supervision (宪法监督, xiànfǎ jiāndū) in China refers to the mechanisms by which the constitutionality of legal norms and state actions is reviewed and enforced. Unlike many countries with …
Criminal Procedure Under the PRC Criminal Procedure Law
Criminal procedure in China is governed by the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法), adopted in 1979 and substantially revised in 1996, 2012, and 2018. The Law …
Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens Under the Chinese Constitution
Chapter II of the 1982 Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (Articles 33–56) enumerates the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. This chapter represents a significant expansion …
Key Chinese Legal Terms with Pinyin and Definitions
This glossary defines essential Chinese legal terms with pinyin romanization and contextual explanations for legal practitioners, scholars, and students working with Chinese law. 法律 (fǎlǜ) — Law. A …
Overview of Influential Cases in Chinese Legal Development
Chinese legal development has been shaped by landmark cases that illustrate the evolution of judicial reasoning, the application of law, and the relationship between law and social change. This …
Qi Yaling v. Chen Xiaoqi (2001): The Right to Education and Constitutional Litigation
Qi Yuling (commonly romanized as Qi Yuling) v. Chen Xiaoqi (2001) is the most significant case in Chinese constitutional jurisprudence. It represents the first and only instance in which the Supreme …
Qi Yuling v. Chen Xiaoqi (2001): Constitutional Rights in Private Disputes
Qi Yuling v. Chen Xiaoqi (2001) is a landmark case in Chinese constitutional law. It was the first decision in which the Supreme People’s Court directly applied a constitutional provision to …
Socialist Rule of Law with Chinese Characteristics
Socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics (中国特色社会主义法治) is the official legal ideology of the People’s Republic of China. It represents the Chinese Communist Party’s approach to …
Structure of the Chinese Legal System
The legal system of the People’s Republic of China combines civil law tradition with socialist legal principles and Party leadership. It comprises legislative, executive, and judicial organs …
The 2019 Foreign Investment Law
The Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国外商投资法) was adopted on 15 March 2019 and entered into force on 1 January 2020. It replaced the three existing laws governing …
The 2020 Civil Code of the PRC
The 2020 Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China is the first unified civil code in PRC history. Adopted at the Third Session of the Thirteenth National People’s Congress on 28 May …
The Bengbu Intermediate People's Court Procedural Reform (2003-2004)
The Bengbu Intermediate People’s Court procedural reform experiment (2003–2004) represents one of the most ambitious efforts at judicial innovation within the Chinese criminal justice system. …
The Chinese Civil Code and Legal System
The Chinese Civil Code, adopted on 28 May 2020 and effective from 1 January 2021, is the first unified civil code in the history of the People’s Republic of China. It consolidates and replaces …
The Constitution of the People's Republic of China
The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China is the supreme legal document of the Chinese legal system. Adopted in 1982, it is the fourth constitution in PRC history, replacing the 1975 …
The Criminal Law of the PRC
The Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国刑法) was adopted in 1979 and substantially revised in 1997. It is the fundamental codification of Chinese criminal law, containing both …
The First Batch of SPC Guiding Cases (2011-2012): Case Law With Chinese Characteristics
On 26 November 2011, the Supreme People’s Court issued the first batch of Guiding Cases (指导性案例, zhǐdǎo xìng ànlì), marking the formal establishment of a case reference system in Chinese law. The …
The Structure of the Chinese Constitution: State Organs and the Division of Powers
The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, adopted in 1982 and amended five times, establishes a distinctive structure of state power that differs fundamentally from Western …