Criminal Law
Criminal law defines conduct prohibited by the state and prescribes punishment for such conduct. It covers the elements of crimes, including actus reus and mens rea, inchoate offenses, defenses, and principles of criminal responsibility. This category examines substantive criminal law across common law and civil law jurisdictions.
EU Criminal Law
The Development of EU Competence in Criminal Matters Criminal law was historically excluded from the European Community’s competence, which focused on economic integration under the Treaty of …
Substantive Chinese Criminal Law
Sources and Development of Chinese Criminal Law The Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China was first enacted in 1979 as part of the post-Mao legal reconstruction and was comprehensively …
Substantive English Criminal Law
Sources and Structure English criminal law remains uncodified, deriving from both common law (judge-made law developed through precedent) and statute. The absence of a comprehensive criminal code …
Substantive French Criminal Law
Sources and the Principle of Legality French criminal law (droit pénal) is codified in the Code Pénal, enacted in its current form by the Law of 22 July 1992 and effective since 1 March 1994, …
Substantive German Criminal Law
Sources and the Basic Law Framework German criminal law (Strafrecht) is codified in the Strafgesetzbuch (StGB), which traces its origins to the Criminal Code of the German Empire of 1871 …
Substantive Russian Criminal Law
Sources and the 1996 Criminal Code Russian criminal law is codified in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Ugolovny Kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii, UK RF), adopted in 1996 and effective from 1 …
Substantive US Criminal Law
Sources of Substantive Criminal Law Criminal law in the United States operates under a dual sovereignty system: federal criminal law derived from Congress’s enumerated powers coexists with fifty …