Procedures
Alternative Dispute Resolution in Civil Litigation
Introduction Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) encompasses a range of processes for resolving disputes without litigation. The Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) actively encourage the use of ADR, and the …
Appeals and Appellate Procedure in England and Wales
Introduction The appellate system in England and Wales provides a hierarchical structure for challenging decisions of courts and tribunals. The system ensures that errors of law and serious procedural …
Civil Litigation Steps Under the CPR
Introduction Civil litigation in England and Wales is governed by the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) , which came into effect on 26 April 1999 following the recommendations of the Woolf Review. The CPR …
Civil Procedure in the UK: CPR and Civil Litigation
Civil procedure in England and Wales is governed by the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) 1998, which came into force on 26 April 1999 following the Woolf Reforms. The CPR created a unified procedural code …
Criminal Procedure in England and Wales
Introduction Criminal procedure in England and Wales governs the process by which individuals are prosecuted, tried, and sentenced for criminal offences. The procedure is governed by the Criminal …
Judicial Review of Administrative Action
Judicial review is the procedure by which the High Court supervises the exercise of powers by public bodies. It ensures that decisions are taken lawfully, fairly, and rationally. Judicial review does …
The Law of Evidence in England and Wales
Overview of the Law of Evidence The law of evidence in England and Wales governs the means by which facts may be proved in civil and criminal proceedings. It comprises a body of common law principles, …
The UK Tribunal System
Overview of the UK Tribunal System The United Kingdom tribunal system, established by the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (TCEA 2007) , represents one of the most significant institutional …