Immigration Act (Chulipguk Gwalli Beop)
The Immigration Act (Chulipguk Gwalli Beop) governs the entry, stay, and departure of foreign nationals in South Korea. Originally enacted in 1961, the Act has been significantly amended to address changing immigration patterns and labour market needs. The Act establishes visa categories, requirements for landing, conditions of stay, and deportation procedures. The Immigration Service is responsible for administration.
Legal area: Law governing the entry, stay, and rights of foreign nationals.
Year enacted: 1961
Full text: https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/law_view.do?hseq=south-korea-immigration-act
Key Provisions
- Chapter II: Landing (visa requirements, landing permission)
- Chapter III: Status of residence and period of stay
- Chapter IV: Activities and restrictions (work, study, etc.)
- Chapter V: Deportation (grounds, procedures, detention)
- Chapter VI: Citizenship and naturalisation
- Chapter VII: Criminal provisions (illegal entry, overstay)
Significance
The Immigration Act has been significantly reformed to attract foreign workers and international talent. South Korea faces demographic challenges with a declining birth rate and ageing population. The Act has been amended to introduce new visa categories for skilled workers, investors, and international students. South Korea’s foreign resident population has grown significantly, raising questions about integration and social cohesion. The Act’s provisions on deportation have been subject to human rights scrutiny.