Labour Code of the Russian Federation

Introduction

The Labour Code of the Russian Federation (Trudovoy Kodeks), adopted in 2001, governs individual employment relationships and collective labor rights in Russia.

Employment Contracts

Employment contracts must be in writing and specify terms including job function, salary, working hours, and leave entitlements. The standard working week is 40 hours. Overtime is limited to 120 hours per year with premium pay. Annual paid leave is 28 calendar days.

Termination

Employment may be terminated by agreement, employee initiative, employer initiative, or expiration of term. Employer-initiated termination requires grounds specified in the Code, including redundancy, disciplinary violations, and unsuitability for the position.

Collective Rights

Workers have the right to form trade unions and bargain collectively. Collective agreements may supplement individual employment terms. Strikes are permitted after mandatory conciliation procedures, subject to restrictions for essential services.