Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation
Introduction
The Code of Administrative Offences (KoAP RF) governs liability for administrative violations in Russia. Administrative offenses are less serious than criminal offenses but may result in significant penalties.
Types of Violations
The Code covers violations in numerous areas including traffic violations, public order offenses, business regulation violations, customs infractions, tax and customs violations, and environmental offenses.
Penalties
Penalties include warnings, administrative fines, disqualification, confiscation of instruments of the offense, administrative arrest (up to 30 days), and suspension of activities. Fines range widely based on the offense and whether the violator is an individual or organization.
Procedure
Administrative cases are adjudicated by courts, administrative commissions, or executive authorities depending on the offense. Appeals proceed through higher courts. The statute of limitations for administrative offenses is generally two months to one year.