Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation

Introduction

The Civil Procedure Code (GPK RF) governs civil litigation in Russian courts of general jurisdiction. The Code establishes procedures for filing claims, collecting evidence, conducting hearings, and appealing judgments.

Jurisdiction and Venue

Courts of general jurisdiction hear civil cases involving individuals. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the highest court for civil cases. Venue rules determine the appropriate court based on the defendant’s location or the subject matter.

Evidence

The Code places the burden of proof on the party asserting facts. Courts may order the production of evidence. Expert witnesses and witness testimony are permitted. Electronic evidence is increasingly accepted.

Appeals

Judgments may be appealed to appellate courts, cassation courts, and the Supreme Court. Deadlines for appeal range from one month for first appeals to limited periods for cassation review.