Glossary on ExcellentWiki - Legal Encyclopedia

Key Russian Legal Terms with Transliteration and Definitions

Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This glossary defines essential Russian legal terms with transliteration and contextual explanations for their use in the Russian legal system. Each entry includes the Russian term, transliteration, English definition, and legal context.

А

Адвокат (Advokat) — Lawyer or defense attorney. A licensed legal professional authorized to provide legal assistance, including representation in court and criminal defense. The адвокат must be a member of the regional bar association and is bound by professional ethics and client confidentiality.

Russian Legal Terms: A–D

Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This glossary defines Russian legal terms from A to D in English transliteration, providing contextual explanations for their use in the Russian legal system.

A

Administrativnoe Pravo (Административное право) — Administrative law. The body of law governing the organization and functioning of executive authorities and the legal relationship between citizens and the state administration. Administrative law is codified in the Code of Administrative Offences (Кодекс об административных правонарушениях) and governs liability for administrative violations distinct from criminal offenses.

Russian Legal Terms: E–K

Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This glossary defines Russian legal terms from E to K in English transliteration, providing contextual explanations for their use in the Russian legal system.

E

Edinonachalie (Единоначалие) — Unity of command or single-person management. A principle of administrative and organizational law whereby a single person bears full responsibility for decision-making in a state body, enterprise, or military unit. In corporate law, edinonachalie refers to the sole executive body (general director) who manages the organization alongside collegial bodies.

Russian Legal Terms: L–P

Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This glossary defines Russian legal terms from L to P in English transliteration, providing contextual explanations for their use in the Russian legal system.

L

Litsenzia (Лицензия) — License. A formal authorization issued by a state body permitting a legal person or individual entrepreneur to engage in a specific licensed activity. Licensing is governed by Federal Law No. 99-FZ on Licensing of Certain Types of Activities and covers activities including banking, insurance, education, and medical services.

Russian Legal Terms: R–Z

Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This glossary defines Russian legal terms from R to Z in English transliteration, providing contextual explanations for their use in the Russian legal system.

R

Raschet (Расчет) — Settlement or calculation. The act of paying or settling a financial obligation, including payment of debts, damages, and contractual obligations. In civil procedure, raschet may refer to the calculation of amounts owed, including interest, penalties, and court costs.

Rasporyazhenie (Распоряжение) — Order or directive. A type of legal act issued by executive authorities, typically on operational or administrative matters. Presidential rasporyazheniya are distinguished from ukazy (decrees) by their non-normative character, often concerning appointments, awards, or specific administrative decisions.