https://legal.excellentwiki.com/russia/courts-and-judiciary/ Recent content in Courts and Judiciary on ExcellentWiki - Legal Encyclopedia Hugo en-US Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://legal.excellentwiki.com/russia/courts-and-judiciary/russian-court-system/ Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://legal.excellentwiki.com/russia/courts-and-judiciary/russian-court-system/ <h2 id="constitutional-foundations-and-the-2014-judicial-reform">Constitutional Foundations and the 2014 Judicial Reform</h2> <p>The Russian court system is governed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation adopted by referendum on 12 December 1993 and by the Federal Constitutional Law on the Judicial System of the Russian Federation (No. 1-FKZ, 31 December 1996). The 1993 Constitution established the basic principles of judicial organization: the administration of justice exclusively by courts (Article 118), the independence of judges (Article 120), the irremovability of judges (Article 121), and the immunity of judges (Article 122). It also established the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court as the highest judicial bodies.</p>