Constitution
Constitutional Rights and Freedoms in Russia
Chapter 2 of the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees a comprehensive catalog of human and civil rights and freedoms. The Constitution declares that the person, their rights and …
Presidential Powers in Russia: Constitutional Authority and the Power Vertical
The presidency of the Russian Federation is the dominant institution in the constitutional order. Under the 1993 Constitution and the 2020 amendments, the President exercises extensive powers that …
Russian Federalism: The Constitutional Structure of the Federation
The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world by territory, and its federal structure reflects the immense diversity of its constituent parts. The federal arrangement established by the …
The 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation
The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted by popular referendum on 12 December 1993, following a profound political crisis. It replaced the Soviet-era 1977 Constitution and established …
The Russian Constitutional Court
The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is the supreme judicial body for constitutional review. Established in 1991, it exercises abstract and concrete review of normative acts for …