Procedures
Appellate Procedure in Japan
Introduction The Japanese appellate system is structured around a three-tier court hierarchy that mirrors the continental European model, though it incorporates features unique to Japan’s β¦
Civil Procedure in Japan
Introduction Japanese civil procedure is governed primarily by the Code of Civil Procedure (Minji SoshΕ HΕ, Act No. 109 of 1996, effective 1 January 1998), which replaced the 1890 Code. The 1996 Code β¦
Class Actions and Collective Litigation in Japan
Introduction Japan does not have a full-fledged US-style class action system in which a representative party litigates on behalf of an absent class, binding all members unless they opt out. Instead, β¦
Criminal Procedure in Japan
Introduction Japanese criminal procedure is governed by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Keiji SoshΕ HΕ, Act No. 131 of 1948, effective 1 January 1949), which replaced the Meiji-era Code of 1922. The β¦
Enforcement of Judgments in Japan
Introduction The enforcement of civil judgments in Japan is governed by the Civil Execution Act (Minji ShikkΕ HΕ, Act No. 4 of 1979, effective 1 October 1980). The Act replaced the execution β¦
Evidence in Civil Proceedings (Japan)
Introduction The law of evidence in Japanese civil proceedings is primarily codified in the Code of Civil Procedure (Minji SoshΕ HΕ, 1996, as amended). Unlike commonβlaw systems, Japan does not β¦