Constitution
Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan β Pacifism and the Right to Self-Defense
Introduction Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan is its most distinctive and internationally recognized provision: Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the β¦
Civil Liberties and Criminal Procedure Under the Japanese Constitution
Introduction Articles 31β40 of the Constitution create a comprehensive code of criminal procedure guarantees, reflecting the drafters’ determination to prevent the abuses of the prewar system. β¦
Constitutional Amendment in Japan
Introduction Article 96 establishes the amendment procedure: initiation by the Diet through a two-thirds majority of all members of each House, and ratification by a majority of votes cast in a β¦
Constitutional Supremacy and Judicial Review in Japan
Introduction The Constitution of Japan establishes constitutional supremacy (Article 98) and judicial review (Article 81), creating a system in which the Constitution is the supreme legal norm and β¦
Fundamental Rights Under the Constitution of Japan
Introduction Chapter III of the Constitution of Japan (Articles 10β40) contains one of the most comprehensive catalogues of fundamental rights in any postwar constitution. Drawing on Western β¦
Local Government Under the Constitution of Japan
Introduction Chapter VIII (Articles 92β95) establishes local self-government (chihΕ jichi), reflecting the Occupation-era commitment to decentralization as a check against centralized β¦
Separation of Powers in Japan
Introduction The Constitution establishes a system of separation of powers among the Diet (legislature), Cabinet (executive), and Courts (judiciary). It creates significant interdependence between the β¦
The Constitution of Japan β Overview
Introduction The Constitution of Japan (Nippon Koku KenpΕ), promulgated November 3, 1946, effective May 3, 1947, is the supreme law of Japan. Commonly called the Peace Constitution, it replaced the β¦
The Emperor and the Constitution of Japan
Introduction The constitutional status of the Emperor (TennΕ) is one of the most carefully calibrated features of the Japanese constitutional order. The Constitution transformed the Emperor from a β¦