Grundgesetz
Article 1: Human Dignity as the Supreme Constitutional Value
Article 1 of the Grundgesetz declares that human dignity (Menschenwürde) is inviolable and obliges all state authority to respect and protect it. This provision is the supreme constitutional value of …
Article 79(3): The Eternity Clause Protecting Fundamental Principles
Article 79(3) of the Grundgesetz, commonly known as the eternity clause (Ewigkeitsklausel), prohibits amendments to the Basic Law that would affect the federal structure of Germany, the participation …
The Catalog of Fundamental Rights in the Grundgesetz
The fundamental rights (Grundrechte) of the Grundgesetz are set out in Articles 1 through 19 and supplemented by rights recognised in other provisions. These rights bind all branches of state …
The Grundgesetz: Structure, Principles, and History
The Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany) is the constitution of Germany. Enacted on 23 May 1949, it was originally conceived as a provisional …