antitrust and competition law
French Antitrust Law
Statutory Framework French competition law is codified in Book IV of the Code de commerce (Articles L. 420-1 to L. 464-13). The principal enforcement authority is the Autorité de la concurrence …
French Merger Control: Thresholds, Procedure, and Media Pluralism
French merger control (contrôle des concentrations) is governed by the Code de commerce and enforced by the Autorité de la concurrence (Competition Authority). The system reviews mergers and …
French State Aid Control
EU Treaty Framework (Articles 107-109 TFEU) French state aid control is governed primarily by EU law. Articles 107 to 109 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union establish the …
Vertical Restrictions Under French Law
Sources of Law and Institutional Framework Vertical restrictions in France are governed by both EU competition law (Articles 101 and 102 TFEU) and national competition law (Articles L. 420-1 and L. …