EU Statutes & Legislation on ExcellentWiki - Legal Encyclopedia

The General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation 2016/679)

Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), formally Regulation (EU) 2016/679, is the European Union’s comprehensive framework for the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data. Adopted on 27 April 2016 and applicable from 25 May 2018, it replaced the 1995 Data Protection Directive (Directive 95/46/EC). The GDPR represents the most ambitious and influential data protection regime globally, establishing a harmonised legal framework across the EU while giving individuals greater control over their personal data. Its territorial reach, enforcement powers, and substantial fines have made it the benchmark for privacy regulation worldwide.

The Digital Services Act (Regulation 2022/2065)

Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Digital Services Act (DSA), formally Regulation (EU) 2022/2065, is the European Union’s comprehensive regulatory framework for intermediary services in the digital economy. Adopted on 19 October 2022 and applicable from 17 February 2024 for most provisions, the DSA updates and replaces the e-Commerce Directive (Directive 2000/31/EC). It establishes a tiered system of obligations for digital intermediaries, introduces robust accountability mechanisms, and creates a new enforcement architecture for the regulation of online platforms. The DSA is paired with the Digital Markets Act (Regulation 2022/1925), which addresses gatekeeper platforms in digital markets.

EU Competition Law Framework: Articles 101–102 TFEU and Merger Control

Sun, 05 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

EU competition law is the framework of rules prohibiting anticompetitive conduct and ensuring the proper functioning of the internal market. The primary substantive provisions are Article 101 TFEU (prohibition of anticompetitive agreements), Article 102 TFEU (prohibition of abuse of a dominant position), and the EU Merger Control Regulation (Regulation 139/2004). Together with state aid rules under Articles 107–109 TFEU, these provisions form the competition pillar of the EU legal order, enforced primarily by the European Commission. EU competition law is one of the most influential competition law regimes globally, serving as a model for over 130 jurisdictions worldwide.