environmental law
EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS): Cap-and-Trade, CBAM, and Market Stability
Introduction The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), established by Directive 2003/87/EC, is the world’s first and largest international carbon market, covering approximately 40% of EU …
EU Environmental Law
Legal Basis and Principles EU environmental law derives its authority from Articles 191-193 TFEU. Article 191(1) establishes objectives: preserving, protecting, and improving environmental quality; …
EU Nature Restoration Law: Binding Targets, Ecosystems, and National Plans
Introduction The Nature Restoration Law (Regulation (EU) 2024/…, adopted June 2024) is the first comprehensive EU legislation establishing legally binding restoration targets for terrestrial, …
REACH Regulation: Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals
Introduction Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 — REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) — is the most comprehensive chemicals regulation in the world, establishing a …