Criminal Law
EU Criminal Law
The Development of EU Competence in Criminal Matters Criminal law was historically excluded from the European Community’s competence, which focused on economic integration under the Treaty of …
Europol: Mandate, Data Processing, and Operational Oversight
Introduction Europol, the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, is the central hub for operational police cooperation among Member States. Headquartered in The Hague, Europol supports …
OLAF: Investigations, PIF Directive, and the Protection of EU Financial Interests
Introduction The European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF, from the French Office Européen de Lutte Anti-Fraude) is the European Commission’s investigative body responsible for protecting the EU’s …
The European Arrest Warrant: Surrender, Fundamental Rights, and Judicial Cooperation
Introduction The European Arrest Warrant (EAW), established by Council Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA, replaced traditional extradition procedures between EU Member States with a simplified judicial …
The European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO): Competence, Structure, and Operations
Introduction The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO), established under Regulation (EU) 2017/1939, is the first supranational criminal prosecution body in EU law. Operational since 1 June …