Immigration Law
Immigration law regulates the movement of people across national borders, covering visas, permanent residence, asylum, refugee protection, deportation, and naturalization. It addresses the legal status and rights of non-citizens within a country’s territory. This category examines immigration and nationality law frameworks across major receiving countries.
Asylum and Humanitarian Protection in the UK
Introduction Asylum law in the United Kingdom is governed by the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (the Refugee Convention) and its 1967 Protocol, together with the …
Asylum and Refugee Law
Introduction Asylum and refugee law provides protection to individuals who flee their home countries due to persecution. Asylum is a discretionary form of protection available to individuals who are …
British Nationality and Citizenship
Introduction British nationality law determines who is a British citizen and who has the right of abode in the United Kingdom. The law is governed principally by the British Nationality Act 1981 (BNA …
Chinese Exit Restrictions
Exit-Entry Administration Law The legal framework for Chinese exit restrictions is governed by the Exit-Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (Chujing Rujing Guanli Fa), …
Chinese Immigration Law
The Exit and Entry Administration Law The Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, adopted on 30 June 2012 and effective on 1 July 2013, replaced the 1985 Law on the …
Chinese Permanent Residence and Immigration Law
China’s immigration legal framework is governed by the Exit and Entry Administration Law (Chu Ru Jing Guanli Fa, 出境入境管理法, 2012), which consolidated previous legislation on visas, residence, and …
Chinese Visa System
Exit-Entry Law The Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (chūrù jìng guǎnlǐ fǎ), effective 1 July 2013, is the primary legislative framework governing the entry, …
Citizenship Law in Australia
Introduction Citizenship law in Australia determines who is a citizen and how citizenship may be acquired, lost, or renounced. The legal framework reflects the nation’s identity and values. …
Citizenship Law in Brazil
Introduction Citizenship law in Brazil determines who is a citizen and how citizenship may be acquired, lost, or renounced. The legal framework reflects the nation’s identity and values. …
Citizenship Law in Canada
Introduction Citizenship law in Canada determines who is a citizen and how citizenship may be acquired, lost, or renounced. The legal framework reflects the nation’s identity and values. …
Citizenship Law in Japan
Introduction Citizenship law in Japan determines who is a citizen and how citizenship may be acquired, lost, or renounced. The legal framework reflects the nation’s identity and values. …
Citizenship Law in Mexico
Introduction Citizenship law in Mexico determines who is a citizen and how citizenship may be acquired, lost, or renounced. The legal framework reflects the nation’s identity and values. …
Citizenship Law in Nigeria
Introduction Citizenship law in Nigeria determines who is a citizen and how citizenship may be acquired, lost, or renounced. The legal framework reflects the nation’s identity and values. …
Citizenship Law in South Africa
Introduction Citizenship law in South Africa determines who is a citizen and how citizenship may be acquired, lost, or renounced. The legal framework reflects the nation’s identity and values. …
Citizenship Law in South Korea
Introduction Citizenship law in South Korea determines who is a citizen and how citizenship may be acquired, lost, or renounced. The legal framework reflects the nation’s identity and values. …
Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
The Common European Asylum System (CEAS) comprises the legislative framework governing the处理和 of applications for international protection across the European Union. Developed progressively since the …
Deportation and Removal
Introduction Deportation —now formally called removal —is the process by which the US government expels noncitizens from the country. The removal process is governed by the Immigration and Nationality …
EU Blue Card Directive (2021/1883)
The EU Blue Card Directive (Directive (EU) 2021/1883) establishes a single, streamlined procedure for admitting highly qualified third-country nationals to work in the European Union. It recasts and …
European Union Immigration Law
The Treaty Basis and the Common Immigration Policy The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provides the legal foundation for the common immigration policy at Articles 77 to 80. …
French Asylum Law: OFPRA, CNDA, and Refugee Protection
French asylum law governs the protection of refugees and other persons in need of international protection. The legal framework is based on the 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of …
French Immigration Enforcement
The OQTF (Obligation to Leave French Territory) The obligation de quitter le territoire français (OQTF) is the principal administrative removal measure in French immigration law. Governed by Articles …
French Immigration Law
The CESEDA French immigration law is codified in the Code of Entry and Residence of Foreign Nationals and the Right of Asylum (Code de l’entrée et du séjour des étrangers et du droit …
French Skilled Migration
The Passeport Talent The passeport talent (talent passport) is the centrepiece of French skilled migration policy. Introduced by the Loi relative à l’immigration, à l’intégration et à la …
German Asylum and Refugee Law
Constitutional Right to Asylum German asylum law is founded on the constitutional right to asylum (Grundrecht auf Asyl) in Article 16a GG, enacted in 1949 and substantially restricted in 1993. Article …
German Immigration Law
The Residence Act and the Freedom of Movement Act The primary legislative framework for German immigration law is the Residence Act (Aufenthaltsgesetz, AufenthG) of 2004, which replaced the Foreigners …
Immigration and Nationality Act Overview
Introduction The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) , codified at 8 USC §§ 1101-1537, is the foundational statute of United States immigration law. Originally enacted as the Immigration and …
Immigration Enforcement
Introduction Immigration enforcement encompasses the laws, policies, and practices by which the United States controls its borders and enforces compliance with immigration laws within the interior. …
Immigration Law in Australia
Overview of Australian Immigration Law Australian immigration law is principally governed by the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) and the Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth). The Act establishes the statutory …
Immigration Law in Brazil
Introduction Immigration law in Brazil (Direito Migratório) is primarily governed by the Migration Law (Law 13.445/2017), which replaced the repressive Foreigner Statute (Law 6.815/1980) enacted …
Immigration Law in Canada
Introduction Canadian immigration law governs the entry, stay, and removal of foreign nationals within Canada’s territory. It is a domain of shared constitutional authority, with the federal …
Immigration Law in Japan
Overview of Japanese Immigration Law Japanese immigration law is principally governed by the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act (Shutsunyukoku Kanri oyobi Nanmin Nintei Ho, Act No. 319 of …
Immigration Law in Mexico
Introduction Mexican immigration law is primarily governed by the Migration Law (Ley de Migración, 2011), which replaced the outdated General Population Law of 1974. The law is administered by the …
Immigration Law in Nigeria
Introduction Immigration law in Nigeria is governed primarily by the Immigration Act 2015, which repealed and replaced the Immigration Act 1963, and by the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) …
Immigration Law in South Africa
Introduction South African immigration law governs the admission, residence, and removal of foreign nationals, as well as the acquisition and loss of citizenship. The primary legislation is the …
Immigration Law in South Korea
Introduction South Korean immigration law is governed by the Immigration Act (출입국관리법, 1963) and the Nationality Act (국적법, 1948) . The Ministry of Justice administers immigration policy through the …
Immigration System in Australia
Introduction The immigration system in Australia governs the entry, stay, and removal of foreign nationals. The legal framework addresses visa categories, enforcement, and humanitarian protection. …
Immigration System in Brazil
Introduction The immigration system in Brazil governs the entry, stay, and removal of foreign nationals. The legal framework addresses visa categories, enforcement, and humanitarian protection. Visa …
Immigration System in Canada
Introduction The immigration system in Canada governs the entry, stay, and removal of foreign nationals. The legal framework addresses visa categories, enforcement, and humanitarian protection. Visa …
Immigration System in Japan
Introduction The immigration system in Japan governs the entry, stay, and removal of foreign nationals. The legal framework addresses visa categories, enforcement, and humanitarian protection. Visa …
Immigration System in Mexico
Introduction The immigration system in Mexico governs the entry, stay, and removal of foreign nationals. The legal framework addresses visa categories, enforcement, and humanitarian protection. Visa …
Immigration System in Nigeria
Introduction The immigration system in Nigeria governs the entry, stay, and removal of foreign nationals. The legal framework addresses visa categories, enforcement, and humanitarian protection. Visa …
Immigration System in South Africa
Introduction The immigration system in South Africa governs the entry, stay, and removal of foreign nationals. The legal framework addresses visa categories, enforcement, and humanitarian protection. …
Immigration System in South Korea
Introduction The immigration system in South Korea governs the entry, stay, and removal of foreign nationals. The legal framework addresses visa categories, enforcement, and humanitarian protection. …
Overview of German Immigration Law
German immigration law regulates the entry, residence, and integration of foreign nationals. The Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG) governs residence permits and settlement rights, while the Asylgesetz …
Russian Citizenship Law: Acquisition, Naturalisation, and the 2024 Amendments
Russian citizenship law is governed by Federal Law No. 62-FZ of 31 May 2002 on Citizenship of the Russian Federation, the Constitution (Articles 6, 61–63), and international treaties. The law has …
Russian Immigration Law
The Legislative Framework The primary legislative instrument governing the legal status of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law on the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the …
Russian Work Permits
Legal Framework for Foreign Workers The employment of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation is primarily regulated by the Federal Law on the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the Russian …
Schengen Borders Code (Regulation 2016/399)
The Schengen Borders Code (Regulation (EU) 2016/399) codifies the rules governing the crossing of external borders and the operation of internal borders within the Schengen area. It consolidates and …
The UK Visa and Immigration System
Introduction The UK visa and immigration system underwent fundamental reform following the end of free movement with the European Union. The Immigration and Social Security Co-ordination (EU …
United Kingdom Immigration Law
The Immigration Act 1971 and the Immigration Rules The Immigration Act 1971 is the foundational statute of modern UK immigration law, establishing the framework for the control of entry into and stay …
United States Immigration Law
The Immigration and Nationality Act The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) of 1952, as amended, is the primary body of US immigration law, codified in Title 8 of the United States Code. The INA …
Visas and Green Cards
Introduction The US immigration system provides for both temporary and permanent admission of foreign nationals through a complex framework of visa categories. Visas allow temporary admission for …