AI and Law on ExcellentWiki - Legal Encyclopedia

Chinese AI Law

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Strategic Foundation: The New Generation AI Development Plan

China’s AI regulatory framework operates within the ambitious policy vision articulated in the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan (2017), issued by the State Council. The Plan set the objective of making China the world’s leading AI innovation centre by 2030, with a domestic AI industry valued at over ¥1 trillion. The Plan emphasises the integration of AI into economic production, social governance, and national security, and calls for the establishment of a comprehensive legal and regulatory framework to support AI development while managing risks.

EU AI Law

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The EU AI Act: A Landmark Regulatory Framework

The EU AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689) represents the world’s first comprehensive horizontal regulation of artificial intelligence, establishing a unified legal framework across all 27 member states. Adopted after intensive trilogue negotiations in December 2023 and published in the Official Journal in August 2024, the Act follows a risk-based approach that categorises AI systems into four tiers: unacceptable risk, high risk, limited risk, and minimal risk. The graduated framework imposes obligations proportionate to the level of risk an AI system presents to health, safety, and fundamental rights.

French AI Law

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

National AI Strategy and Institutional Framework

France has pursued an ambitious and coordinated national AI strategy (Stratégie Nationale pour l’Intelligence Artificielle) since 2018, grounded in the landmark Villani Report (March 2018), authored by mathematician and parliamentarian Cédric Villani. The report made 150 recommendations organised around four priorities: establishing a favourable ecosystem for AI research and talent; opening data for AI development; adapting public policy and regulation; and ensuring the ethical and inclusive development of AI. The government committed €1.5 billion under the strategy, with subsequent funding rounds allocating additional resources to AI research, training, and industrial deployment.

German AI Law and Regulation

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

German AI Strategy and Policy Framework

Germany’s approach to artificial intelligence regulation is shaped by its commitment to fundamental rights, strong data protection traditions, and a corporatist model that involves social partners in technology governance. The German AI Strategy (KI-Strategie), first published in 2018 and updated in 2020 and 2023, articulates a vision of responsible, human-centred AI development. The strategy is organised around three pillars: strengthening AI research and innovation, promoting the transfer of AI into the economy and society, and establishing a regulatory framework that fosters trust and protects fundamental rights.

Russian AI Law

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

National AI Strategy

The Russian Federation adopted its National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence (October 2019, updated in 2023) as the foundational policy document for AI governance. The Strategy defines AI as a critical technology for national competitiveness and security, setting targets for AI adoption in the economy, public administration, and defence by 2030. The Strategy emphasises sovereign AI development, including indigenous hardware, software, and data infrastructure, and calls for the creation of a comprehensive regulatory framework that balances innovation with safety and ethical considerations.

UK AI Law and Governance

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The UK Pro-Innovation Approach

The United Kingdom has adopted a distinctive pro-innovation stance on artificial intelligence regulation, emphasising light-touch, principles-based governance over prescriptive statutory rules. The AI Safety Summit hosted in November 2023 at Bletchley Park marked a pivotal moment in international AI governance, producing the Bletchley Declaration signed by 28 nations, which acknowledged the risks of frontier AI and committed to international cooperation on AI safety. The summit cemented the UK’s aspiration to serve as a global hub for AI safety research and standard-setting.

US AI Law and Policy

Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Executive Framework for AI Governance

The United States has pursued a multi-pronged approach to artificial intelligence governance, characterised by executive action, sectoral regulation, and non-binding guidance rather than a single comprehensive federal statute. President Biden’s Executive Order 14110 (October 2023), titled Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, represents the most significant federal AI initiative to date. The Order directs federal agencies to establish safety standards, protect privacy, promote equity, and advance AI innovation while managing risks. It mandates that developers of the most powerful AI systems share safety test results with the federal government and tasks the National Institute of Standards and Technology with developing rigorous testing standards.