Constitutional Law
Abstract Constitutional Review in Brazil
Introduction Abstract constitutional review (controle abstrato de constitucionalidade) in Brazil is exercised by the Supreme Federal Court (STF) through a set of direct actions (ações diretas) that …
Brazilian Federalism and Division of Powers
Introduction Brazilian federalism is a foundational principle of the 1988 Federal Constitution (Article 1). Brazil is organized as a federal republic (República Federativa do Brasil) composed of the …
Constitutional Amendment Process in Brazil
Introduction The constitutional amendment process in Brazil is governed by Article 60 of the 1988 Federal Constitution. Brazil has a rigid constitution (constituição rígida), meaning constitutional …
Constitutional Emergency Powers in Brazil
Introduction The 1988 Federal Constitution establishes a framework for emergency powers that allows the state to temporarily restrict certain rights and freedoms in response to serious threats to …
Executive Power in Brazil
Introduction The Executive Power (Poder Executivo) in Brazil is exercised by the President of the Republic, assisted by the ministers of state. The 1988 Constitution establishes a presidential system …
Fundamental Guarantees and Writs in Brazilian Law
Introduction The 1988 Federal Constitution establishes a comprehensive system of constitutional writs (remédios constitucionais) — specific judicial remedies designed to protect fundamental rights. …
Legislative Power in Brazil
Introduction The Legislative Power (Poder Legislativo) is exercised at the federal level by the National Congress (Congresso Nacional), composed of the Chamber of Deputies (Câmara dos Deputados) and …
Overview of the 1988 Federal Constitution
Introduction The Federal Constitution of 1988 (Constituição Federal de 1988) is the supreme law of Brazil. Promulgated on October 5, 1988, it is the seventh constitution in Brazilian history and was …
Public Prosecutor's Office (Ministério Público) in Brazil
Introduction The Public Prosecutor’s Office (Ministério Público) is an independent constitutional institution responsible for the defense of the legal order, the democratic regime, and …