End-of-Life Law and Advance Directives

Introduction

End-of-life law addresses the legal framework for medical decision-making at the end of life, including advance directives, surrogate decision-making, and the right to refuse treatment.

Advance Directives

Advance directives allow individuals to specify their treatment preferences in advance of incapacity. Living wills state treatment preferences. Healthcare powers of attorney designate decision-makers. Do-not-resuscitate orders address resuscitation preferences.

Surrogate Decision-Making

When no advance directive exists, state laws specify a hierarchy of surrogate decision-makers (typically spouse, adult children, parents, siblings). Surrogates must make decisions consistent with the patient’s wishes or best interests.

Physician-Assisted Dying

An increasing number of jurisdictions have legalized medical aid in dying, allowing terminally ill patients to request medication to end their lives. Legal frameworks include eligibility criteria, procedural safeguards, and conscientious objection provisions.

Conclusion

End-of-life law continues to evolve, seeking to respect patient autonomy while protecting vulnerable individuals and maintaining ethical standards in medical practice.