Legal System of Tajikistan

Tajikistan is located in Central Asia. It is geographically situated in central asia, west of china, south of kyrgyzstan. The country achieved independence on 9 september 1991 (from the soviet union). The capital is Dushanbe.

Government Overview

Government Type: presidential republic Chief of State: President Emomali RAHMON (since 16 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly Chairman since 20 November 1992) Head of Government: Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013) Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly Administrative Divisions: 2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor), 1 capital region** (viloyati poytakht), and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe**, Khatlon (Bokhtar), Kuhistoni Badakhshon [Gorno-Badakhshan]* (Khorugh), Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri***, Sughd (Khujand) National Holiday: Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991) Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Legal System

The legal system of Tajikistan is described as civil law system International Law: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Constitutional Framework

The constitution has the following history: several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994 Amendment Process: proposed by the president of the republic or by at least one third of the total membership of both houses of the Supreme Assembly; adoption of any amendment requires a referendum, which includes approval of the president or approval by at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly of Representatives; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of votes; constitutional articles, including Tajikistan’s form of government, its territory, and its democratic nature, cannot be amended

Judicial Branch

Highest Court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, family, criminal, administrative offense, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, deputy chairman, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists of 16 judicial positions) Judge Selection: Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all 3 courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no term limits, but the last appointment must occur before the age of 65 Subordinate Courts: regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province-level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

Legislative Branch

The legislative structure consists of bicameral Lower Chamber: House of Representatives (Majlisi namoyandogon) (63 (all directly elected) seats) Electoral System (Lower Chamber): mixed system Upper Chamber: National Assembly (Majlisi milli)

Citizenship and Suffrage

Citizenship by Birth: no Citizenship by Descent: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Historical Background

The Tajik people came under Russian imperial rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. At that time, bands of indigenous guerrillas (known as "basmachi") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925.

This article provides a summary of the legal system and governmental structure of Tajikistan based on the CIA World Factbook. The Factbook is a public domain publication of the United States Central Intelligence Agency.